Benefits of NOI Growth in a Commercial Real Estate Strategy
Increasing NOI may offer a total return comprised of income and capital appreciation.
Net operating income (NOI) is one of several key metrics used to measure the profitability and value of commercial real estate. NOI is a figure that appears on income and cash flow statements that excludes costs associated with financing and taxes, such as loan payments, capital expenditures, and depreciation. To calculate NOI, a property’s operating expenses are subtracted from its total revenue.
NOI growth is typically achieved when a property’s revenue grows faster or at a rate higher than its operating expenses. Active property management can also lead to an increase in NOI even if operating expenses grow at the same rate or faster than the property’s revenue. Common ways to increase NOI, which vary by property type, include increasing rents and the rentable square footage of the property, reducing tenant turnover and vacancy, executing a proactive maintenance plan to reduce repairs, and efficiently consolidating expenses. The growth in a property’s NOI typically translates into an increase in its income and property value.
The capitalization rate, or cap rate, is a popular baseline metric that indicates the potential rate of return for a commercial real estate property based on the purchase price and the NOI generated by the property on an annual basis. The cap rate is calculated by dividing a property’s NOI by its current market value.
Cap rates can be a useful tool in evaluating comparable properties within the same market area but should not be used as the sole indicator of a property’s expected performance. Cap rates are not created equal and widely vary depending on the property type, location and various economic factors. Occasionally, rising market prices will increase a property’s value, lowering its cap rate. This is called cap rate compression and typically indicates investor’s perceived belief that certain property prices will continue to rise. Reliance on cap rate compression and increasing market prices should not be the only determining factors used when evaluating commercial real estate.
Power of NOI Growth
The following chart is an illustration that demonstrates how consistent NOI growth over a seven-year period may positively impact property valuation.
Illustration Assumptions
NOI at purchase: $500,000
Cap rate at purchase and sale: 5.25%
Annual revenue growth rate from purchase to sale: 4%
Annual expense growth rate from purchase to sale: 2.5%
Illustration Considerations
Even though the property was bought and sold at the same cap rate, NOI growth resulted in a higher sale price at the end of the hold period.
The property did not experience an increase in market prices or cap rate compression in order to generate a profit upon sale.
The growth in NOI allowed for a higher sale price although the cap rate remained unchanged.
NOI growth is an important value driver for commercial real estate and may have a significant impact on a property’s value and return profile. Understanding the role NOI plays in a commercial real estate strategy can help potential investors better evaluate and analyze potential property performance.
1 Investopedia. Net Operating Income – NOI Definition. April 29, 2020. 2 Investopedia. Capitalization Rate. June 30, 2020. 3 The NOI Annual Growth Rate in this illustration assumes that expenses increase at a faster rate than property revenue causing a slight decrease in the rate from 5.5% to 5.3% when the property is sold. 4 Calculated by dividing the exit NOI by the applicable cap rate. 5 Calculated by dividing the year 0 NOI by the applicable cap rate.
This article was published by Inland. You can download the original copy, here.
